ÿþ<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3c.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/loose.dtd"> <!-- Created from PDF via Acrobat SaveAsXML --><!-- Mapping table version: 28-February-2003 --><HTML xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40" xmlns:v = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word"><HEAD> <META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=unicode"> <META content=Word.Document name=ProgId> <META content="MSHTML 6.00.6000.16674" name=GENERATOR> <META content="Microsoft Word 10" name=Originator><LINK href="abstract%208_3_3-Dateien/filelist.xml" rel=File-List><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Kurt Ammer</o:Author> <o:Template>Normal</o:Template> <o:LastAuthor>Kurt Ammer</o:LastAuthor> <o:Revision>3</o:Revision> <o:Created>2008-07-11T11:37:00Z</o:Created> <o:LastSaved>2008-07-11T13:29:00Z</o:LastSaved> <o:Pages>1</o:Pages> <o:Words>855</o:Words> <o:Characters>5387</o:Characters> <o:Lines>44</o:Lines> <o:Paragraphs>12</o:Paragraphs> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>6230</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:Version>10.6626</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:Zoom>75</w:Zoom> <w:GrammarState>Clean</w:GrammarState> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> <STYLE>@font-face { font-family: Garamond; } @page Section1 {size: 595.3pt 841.9pt; margin: 70.85pt 70.85pt 2.0cm 70.85pt; mso-header-margin: 35.4pt; mso-footer-margin: 35.4pt; mso-paper-source: 0; } DIV[class='Part'] { MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; DIRECTION: ltr; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; TEXT-ALIGN: left } DIV[class='Sect'] { MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; DIRECTION: ltr; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; TEXT-ALIGN: left } TABLE { FLOAT: none } P.MsoNormal { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-style-parent: ""; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman" } LI.MsoNormal { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-style-parent: ""; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman" } DIV.MsoNormal { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-style-parent: ""; 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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> <META content=Kurt name=dc.creator> <META content="Equilibration period followin..." name=dc.title> <META content=2008-07-10T16:14:57+02:00 name=dc.date> <META content=2008-07-10T16:14:57+02:00 name=dc.date.modified><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="3074"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></HEAD> <BODY lang=DE style="tab-interval: 35.4pt" vLink=purple aLink=#f0000a link=blue bgColor=white> <DIV class=Section1> <DIV> <H2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 200pt 18pt 27pt; tab-stops: 927.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Equilibration period following exposure to hot or cold conditions when using infrared thermography </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H2> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 200pt 12pt 27pt; tab-stops: 927.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Gordon Fisher, Ernest B. Foster, David D. Pascoe</SPAN><B><SUP><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: #221e1f; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN></SUP></B><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <DIV> <DIV> <H5 style="MARGIN: 0cm 74pt 6pt 26.95pt; tab-stops: 927.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">SUMMARY </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H5></DIV> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 74pt 6pt 26.95pt; tab-stops: 927.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 7.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">INTRODUCTION: The proper use of Infrared Thermal Imaging (ITI) requires following strict protocols. The International Academy of Thermology (IAOCT) has copied standards and procedures which were developed in Europe in the late 1970 s, and have subsequently been adopted by both the Japanese Society of Thermography and the American Academy of Thermology. A minimum of 15 min for equilibration is suggested by existing standards. However, it is unclear if the suggested 15 minute equilibration is adequate for stable skin temperature measures when the individual has previously been exposed to either a hot or cold environment. </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 74pt 6pt 26.95pt; tab-stops: 927.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 7.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">PURPOSE: </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">To determine the equilibration time required after exposure to a hot or cold environment at a constant 50% relative humidity using ITI non-contact thermal measures. </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 74pt 6pt 26.95pt; tab-stops: 927.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 7.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">METHODS: This investigation used a randomized crossover design in which the participants were exposed to either the hot (31.7 °C) or cold (18.9°C) environment at a constant 50% relative humidity. Male and female college age participants wore minimal attire in order to expose maximal skin surface to room temperature. Each test trial had three phases: equilibration, hot or cold exposure, and recovery. Prior to the thermal exposure, a 60 minute equilibration period in a climate controlled room at ambient temperature (24.2 °C, 50% humidity) provided the baseline infrared thermal skin temperature measures. After infrared images were taken (anterior and posterior; trunk and extremities), the participants stood in the thermal </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">chamber for 20 min exposure period (hot or cold) trial. Images were taken after the thermal exposure and participants once again returned to the ambient room condition where infrared images were taken at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min of recovery. Surface temperature measures between the equilibration measures, exposure and recovery time were statistical compared using repeated measures ANOVA (p &lt; 0.05). </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 74pt 6pt 26.95pt; tab-stops: 927.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 7.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">RESULTS: During the hot trial mean trunk temperature remained significantly different from control until the 30 min time period. The mean periphery temperature remained significantly different during the entire 60 min time period following the hot trial. During the cold trial the mean trunk temperature remained significantly different until the 15 min time period, while the peripheral region was significantly different until the 30 min time period. </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 74pt 6pt 26.95pt; tab-stops: 927.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 7.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">CONCLUSION: Results from this ITI study indicate that exposure to hot or cold conditions (31.7 °C and 18.9 °C) may require a longer equilibration period than the recommended 15 min for skin temperature to stabilize to room temperature conditions. </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 74pt 6pt 26.95pt; tab-stops: 927.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 7.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">KEYWORDS: Infrared Thermal Imaging, Equilibration Period, Skin Temperature <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 200pt 4.2pt 27pt; tab-stops: 927.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 7.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P></DIV> <DIV> <H5 style="MARGIN: 0cm 83.05pt 6pt 26.95pt; tab-stops: 900.0pt 927.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">AKKLIMATISATIONSZEIT FÜR DIE INFRAROTTHERMOGRAPHIE NACH KÄLTE-ODER WÄRMEEXPOSITION </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></H5> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 83.05pt 6pt 26.95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; tab-stops: 900.0pt 927.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 7.8pt" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">EINLEITUNG: Für die korrekte Verwendung der Infrarotthermographie muss einem genauen Protokoll gefolgt werden. Die Internationale Akademie für Thermologie (IAOCT) hat Standards und Prozeduren kopiert, die in den späten 1970iger Jahren in Europa entwickelt und die später sowohl von der Japanischen Gesellschaft für Thermographie als auch von der Amerikanischen Akademie für Thermographie übernommen und adaptiert worden waren. Für die Anpassung an die Raumtemperatur wird in diesen Standards eine minimale Zeit von 15 Minuten vorgeschlagen. Allerdings ist es unklar, ob 15 Minuten ausreichen, um eine eine stabile Hauttemperatur zu erreichen, wenn der zu Untersuchende vorher einer kalten oder sehr warmen Umgebung ausgesetzt war. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Garamond"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 83.05pt 6pt 26.95pt; tab-stops: 900.0pt 927.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 7.2pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">ZIEL DER STUDIE: Welche Akklimatisationszeit ist notwendig, um nach Exposition an eine kalte bzw. sehr warme Umgebungstemperatur bei einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 50% eine konstante Hautemperatur zu erreichen, die mit kontaktlose Infrarotthermographie gemessen werden soll. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Garamond"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 83.05pt 6pt 26.95pt; tab-stops: 900.0pt 927.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 7.2pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">METHODE In einem Crossover-Studiendesign wurden die Teilnehmer in randomisierter Abfolge entweder einer sehr warmen (31.7 °C) oder kühlen (18.9°C) Umgebungstemperatur bei konstanter 50% relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit ausgesetzt. Die männlichen und weiblichen teilnehmenden Collegestudenten waren minimal bekleidet, um möglichst viel Haut der Umgebungstemperatur zu exponieren. Jede Test bestand aus drei Phasen: Akklimatisation, Kalt-oder Warmexposition, Erholung. Vor der Temperaturexposition akklimatisierten die Teilnehmer 60 Minuten lang in einer Klimakammer mit einer kontrolierten Raumtemperatur von (24.2 °C und 50% Feuchtigkeit, um die Ausgangswerte für die mit Infrarrot gemessener Hauttemperatur zu erhalten. Nachdem Infrarotbilder der Vorder -und Rückseite des Stammes und der Extremitäten aufgezeichnet worden waren, wurden die Teilnehmer stehend 20 Minuten lang der sehr waren oder kühlen Umgebungstemperatur ausgesetzt. Danach kehrten die Teilnehmer in eine Umgebungstemperatur von 24° zurück, wobei sofort und 15, 30, 45 und 60 Minuten nach Eintritt neuerliche Wärmerbilder angefertigt wurden. Die Hauttemperaturmessungen zwischen Ausgangswerten, Temperaturexposition und Erholung wurde mittels ANOVA für Messwiederholungen analysiert (p &lt; 0.05). </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Garamond"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 83.05pt 6pt 26.95pt; tab-stops: 900.0pt 927.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 7.2pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">ERGEBNISSE: Nach Wärmexposition unterschied sich die mittlere Rumpftemperatur bis zum Messzeitpunkt 30 Minuten nach Exposition signifikant vom Ausgangswert. Die mittlere Temperatur der Extremitäten blieb bis 60 Minuten nach der Wärmexeposition zum Startwert signifikant unterschiedlich. Nach Kaltexposition blieb die mittlere Rumpfmuskulatur bis 15 Minuten nach Exposition siggnifikant unterschiedlich zu den Ausgangswerten, die mittlere Temperatur der Extremitäten unterschied sich 30 Minuten nach Exposition signifikant von den Ausgangswerten. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Garamond"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 83.05pt 6pt 26.95pt; tab-stops: 900.0pt 927.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 7.8pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Die Ergebnisse dieser Infrarotthermographiestudie legen nahe, dass Personen, die einer kalten oder sehr warmen Umgebungstemperatur ausgesetzt waren (31.7 °C bzw. 18.9 °C), möglicherweise eine längere Akklimatisationszeit als die empfohlenen 15 Minuten benötigen, um eine ausreichende stabile Hauttemperatur zu erreichen. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Garamond"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 83.05pt 6pt 26.95pt; tab-stops: 900.0pt 927.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 7.8pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">SCHLÜSSELWÖRTER: Infrarot-Thermographie, Akklimatisationszeit, Hauttemperatur </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Garamond"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <DIV> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 83.05pt 6pt 26.95pt; tab-stops: 900.0pt 927.0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond">Thermology international 2008, 18: 95-100 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Garamond"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV> <DIV> <P style="MARGIN: 0cm 200pt 0pt 27pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 9.6pt; tab-stops: 927.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #221e1f; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>